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How is the positioning accuracy of the rotary axis measured on a cradle-type five-axis machining center?

How is the positioning accuracy of the rotary axis measured on a cradle-type five-axis machining center?

Precision Measurement of the Rotary Axis in a Cradle-Type Five-Axis Machining Center

02

2021

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12

ArCut X: a highly efficient milling cutter for machining curved and spherical surfaces.

ArCut X: a highly efficient milling cutter for machining curved and spherical surfaces.

ArCut X is the ultimate enabler for highly efficient finishing with outstanding surface quality. Are you using ball-end mills to finish flat surfaces? Have you ever wondered why the machining time is so long? FRAISA has introduced the latest ArCut X milling cutter to help you overcome this challenge. ArCut X is a family of tapered end mills whose curved cutting edges feature a radius of up to 1,000 mm. Thanks to this exceptionally large radius, it is possible to increase the stepover without compromising the theoretical residual height, resulting in high-precision surfaces with excellent surface finish—and significant savings in finishing time. The ArCut X cutter also incorporates a perfectly spherical profile, while retaining all the advantages of a robust ball-end mill. In this way, FRAISA’s innovative ArCut X concept combines top-tier finishing performance with near-perfect surface quality, making it an exceptionally compelling solution for precision finishing of flat surfaces. Key benefits: Lower costs: Excellent finishing performance and rapid machining Lower tool costs: The longer cutting edge design reduces wear, and the tools can be regrinded and recoated High quality: The tool’s outstanding contour accuracy—contour tolerances of ±5 μm ensure precise workpiece geometry Applications: Precise, validated cutting parameters; a carefully designed product range covers a wide spectrum of applications FRAISA ToolExpert ArCut X: Enables quick and easy access to cutting parameters ReTool® service: Tool regrinding and coating Applications Leveraging the ArCut X concept, FRAISA offers multiple versions of tapered end mills that cover a broad range of finishing processes. Combined with various tool features, these technologies make the tools suitable for machining a wide variety of materials. FRAISA ToolExpert cutting-parameter software makes ArCut X end mills even more attractive All online application data have been rigorously tested and validated, ensuring the effective milling performance of ArCut X end mills. The newly developed FRAISA ToolExpert ArCut X now reliably helps users select the most suitable end mill from the ArCut X series based on the workpiece material and application. Its clear, menu-driven interface allows users to easily choose the material, application, ArCut X end-mill type, and whether to opt for coated or uncoated options. Moreover, when using FRAISA ToolExpert ArCut X, the software recommends appropriate cutting parameters for the selected end mill. Since it is specifically designed for ArCut X end mills, it fully exploits the capabilities of these tools. Record-breaking finishing Using ArCut X end mills requires a powerful CAM solution that can fully harness their geometric potential. Most leading CAM vendors have already developed dedicated modules to maximize the advantages of these tapered arc-shaped cutters and simplify programming. The larger-radius arc-shaped cutting edge ensures exceptionally high surface quality even at relatively large stepovers when machining flat surfaces. In this way, compared with ball-end mills, up to 90% of finishing time can be saved! Advantages: Shorter production time Up to 90% reduction in machining time Longer tool life Best surface finish Highest machining efficiency Wide range of applications: Mold manufacturing, aerospace, tire molds, turbine blades and impellers ArCut X ball-end mills for finishing steep surfaces and fillets ArCut X round-nose end mills for roughing corners and finishing steep areas ArCut X spherical and round-nose end mills for finishing flat bottoms

14

2021

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09

How to select a tool holder for CNC machine tools?

How to select a tool holder for CNC machine tools?

06

2021

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09

A Brief Overview of the Aerospace and Defense Industry

A Brief Overview of the Aerospace and Defense Industry

Today’s article focuses on: The 2021 Fortune Global 500 Sector Rankings: Aerospace and Defense Original article link: www.fortunechina.com/fortune500/c/2021-08/02/content_394586.htm In this ranking, Forbes identifies 13 companies whose primary business is aerospace and defense—six from China, five from the United States, and two from Europe (France’s Airbus and the UK’s BAE Systems). Each year, there are also several industry-specific rankings that are typically released a bit later. When it comes to the aerospace and defense sector, two major sources of information are the annual “Top 100 Defense Companies” list published by U.S. magazine Defense News, and the biennial “Aerospace & Defence 25” ranking of the world’s 25 most valuable aerospace and defense brands, compiled by UK-based Brand Finance. We will wait until around August 15 for the more specialized “Top 100 Defense Companies 2021” report, after which I will follow up with another article. All such rankings are designed to highlight current competitive dynamics, project future trends, and provide insights into potential shifts over time. The underlying logic involves summarizing, comparing, and forecasting—using a timeline as the vertical axis, rankings as the horizontal axis, and trend curves to outline the upper and lower bounds of each sector. The analysis covers the U.S.–China relationship, the permanent members of the UN Security Council, the BRICS countries, and industrialized nations. For well-known reasons, following the founding of the People’s Republic, China’s industrial development relied heavily on Soviet aid during a brief initial period. As the country navigated turbulent times and gradually transitioned to self-reliance over a much longer span, it managed to build its national defense capabilities—including the “Two Bombs, One Satellite”—on a foundation of limited resources and relatively little experience. In doing so, China achieved what others had accomplished, thereby establishing parity in key strategic areas. Subsequently, as China integrated further with the international community—through initiatives such as restoring its UN membership, establishing diplomatic relations with the United States, participating in arms control agreements, implementing the household contract responsibility system, launching reform and opening-up policies, and joining the WTO—it made notable progress in improving people’s livelihoods and advancing conventional commercial and industrial sectors, partially realizing the goals of the Four Modernizations. Looking ahead, China’s rise—and its resurgence—will continue to face both challenges and opportunities. Let me briefly elaborate on the underlying rationale: 1. The energy and environmental ceiling: According to current patterns in developed countries, particularly the U.S. and Europe, the American lifestyle requires five times as much energy and places three times the strain on the environment, while the European lifestyle demands three times as much energy and exerts twice the environmental pressure. 2. Geographical and historical constraints: Asia, where we live, has limited land and maritime resources, yet must support a population that is three to five times larger than that of the U.S. and Europe. Factors such as delayed geographical expansion, late industrialization, and lagging technological development all contribute to inherent disadvantages in catching up. 3. Looking forward from the past, and backward from the future: By examining both the present and the future, and by projecting trends based on reality, we can—and should—have confidence in our ability to manage China’s and Asia’s affairs effectively. The road ahead is long and arduous; it is incumbent upon us to strive tirelessly for self-improvement.

14

2021

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08

Four-Axis Machining Center and Its Characteristics

Four-Axis Machining Center and Its Characteristics

I. What Is a Four-Axis Machining Center? A four-axis machining center refers to a CNC machine tool that incorporates a fourth axis for additional machining capabilities. Specifically, it adds a rotary axis—commonly referred to as the fourth axis—to a conventional three-axis CNC machining center. Machining centers are primarily used for machining flat surfaces, grooves, and curved surfaces. They represent the fastest-growing segment of CNC machine tools and are among the most widely applied types of machine tools. Machining centers are suitable for applications in mechanical processing, mold manufacturing, shipbuilding, automotive and auto-parts production, aerospace, and other industries. II. Characteristics of a Four-Axis Machining Center 1. Programming for four-axis machining is complex and challenging. Unlike three-axis machining, four-axis machining involves not only three linear motions but also one or two rotational motions, resulting in highly intricate and abstract spatial trajectories. These trajectories are often difficult to visualize or comprehend. For example, to machine a desired free-form surface, multiple coordinate transformations may be required, or sophisticated tool-axis orientation control methods must be employed. At the same time, coordinated motion among all axes must be carefully managed to prevent interference and collisions. 2. Four-axis machining can enhance production efficiency. Multi-axis CNC machining enables simultaneous control of four or more axes, integrating functions such as CNC milling, boring, and drilling into a single system. After a workpiece is clamped once, multiple operations—including milling, boring, and drilling—can be performed on the same surface, effectively eliminating positioning errors caused by repeated setups. This reduces the production cycle and improves machining accuracy. 3. Four-axis CNC machining centers are characterized by high precision. During four-axis machining, a workpiece can be processed on multiple surfaces in a single setup, and complex spatial surfaces can be machined with high precision. This makes them particularly well-suited for producing molds and dies for automotive components, aircraft structural parts, and other similar applications. III. Advantages of Four-Axis Machining Compared with Three-Axis Machining Drawbacks of three-axis machining: 1. Excessively long cutting tools lead to higher tool costs. 2. Tool vibration can result in poor surface finish. 3. Increased number of machining operations necessitate multiple setups. 4. Cutting tools are prone to breakage. 5. The number of cutting tools required increases. 6. Overcutting can produce nonconforming parts. 7. Repeated tool setting introduces cumulative dimensional errors. Advantages of four-axis machining: 1. Significant improvement in tool performance. 2. Reduced number of machining operations and shorter setup times. 3. Elimination of the need for fixtures. 4. Improved surface quality. 5. Extended tool life. 6. Greater process integration and centralization. 7. Effective enhancement of machining and overall production efficiency. IV. Main Application Areas and Typical Parts for Four-Axis Machining Key application areas: aerospace, shipbuilding, medical devices, automotive industry, and mold manufacturing. Typical parts: cams, turbines, worm gears, propellers, shoe molds, human body models, automotive components, and other precision parts. Nanjing Jianchuanshi Industrial & Trade Co., Ltd. is dedicated to providing end-of-line solutions for the machinery industry, with a primary focus on machine tool accessories and robotic end-effectors. Our product portfolio includes machine tool attachments, cutting tools, workholding fixtures, and automation products. We offer a comprehensive product matrix that combines breadth with depth, as well as a service framework that balances acuity with massiveness. In the fields of industrial “teeth” and “fingers,” Jianchuanshi leverages its expertise and hard work to create greater value for your enterprise. Please feel free to contact us for more information!

04

2021

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08

Moving Towards Intelligent Machine Tools

Moving Towards Intelligent Machine Tools

With the advancement of modern information technologies, particularly the new generation of artificial intelligence, intelligent machine tool technology has entered a new phase of development. Building on the three paradigms of intelligent manufacturing as defined by the Chinese Academy of Engineering, this paper systematically expounds the concept, connotations, characteristics, and architectural framework of intelligent machine tools. It delineates the three evolutionary stages of machine tools—from manual machines to intelligent machines—namely CNC machines, Internet-plus machines, and finally intelligent machines—and provides a detailed analysis of the underlying principles governing the four key intelligent control functions: autonomous sensing and connectivity, autonomous learning and modeling, autonomous optimization and decision-making, and autonomous control and execution. The paper further highlights the intrinsic characteristic of intelligent machine tools: the ability to generate and accumulate knowledge through data-driven learning—and introduces several pioneering enabling technologies, including instruction-domain analysis, hybrid physical–big-data modeling, i-code, and dual-code coordinated control. On the basis of this research, an intelligent CNC system and an industrial prototype of an intelligent machine tool have been developed. Practical applications of three intelligent technologies—machining-quality optimization based on Cyber NC and dual-code coordinated control, process-parameter optimization via big-data modeling, and deep-learning-based modeling and error compensation for machine-tool feed systems—demonstrate that the deep integration of next-generation AI with manufacturing technologies offers a convenient and effective pathway for advancing machine tools from “Internet-plus machines” to “intelligent-plus machines.”

02

2021

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08

Introduction to YG-1 TS3167 Powder Metallurgy Tap and DIN Standards

Introduction to YG-1 TS3167 Powder Metallurgy Tap and DIN Standards

The YG-1 TS3167 series powder metallurgy taps, manufactured under YG’s stringent quality control and featuring a unique geometry, effectively prevent overfeeding and issues with fine threads, thereby reducing machining time and boosting production efficiency. The TS3167 series taps have consistently earned high praise for their superior quality and distinctive design, remaining the preferred choice. YG-1 TS3167 Applicable Materials Key Features of the Full YG-1 DIN Powder Metallurgy Tap Series in China European Quality: High Quality German Design: High Standards Asian Manufacturing: Excellent Cost Performance ● Definition and Technical Advantages of Powder Metallurgy ● Powder Metallurgy: A manufacturing process that uses metal powders (or mixtures of metal and non-metal powders) as raw materials, which are then formed and sintered to produce metallic materials, composite materials, and various types of finished products.

08

2021

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07

MPM – Leader in Dynamic Balancing Machines

MPM – Leader in Dynamic Balancing Machines

16

2021

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06

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